Loewe Multitel D
Another Bildschirmtext terminal from late 1980s/early 
		1990s. Small, monochrome screen and keyboard are totally enough for 
		device which is used to browse telephone pages. This terminal has also a 
		handset to perform telephone functions. Contrary to Siemens Bitel units 
		this one has no keylock, but has both serial port and printer port in 
		some, Centronics-like format. 
		Technically it's based on 8031 and 8052 microcontrollers with 64kB of 
		dynamic RAM.
| Manufacturer: | Loewe | |
| Model | Multitel D | |
| Year: | 1992 | |
| CPU: | Intel 8051 | |
| Memory: | 64kB of RAM Battery-backed NVRAM  | 
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| Display: | CRT, monochrome, white | |
| Keyboard: | Built-in | |
| Main port: | Telephone line | |
| Additional ports: | Centronics port for printer V.24 serial port Handset connector 12V printer power connector 
 
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				 Manual  | 
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				 Peripherals in collection: Similar unit: Teleguide  | 
			
My unit has been stored probably in a garden shed and 
		then, in state of quite large humidity, turned on. While it worked 
		before I 
		bought it as "operating".
		After drying and a quick review I turned it on again. A few seconds and 
		loud cracking sound came from the read accompanying with sweet-like 
		odour. The power supply shut down.
		Disassembly is easy - unlock two latches in the upper side, similar are 
		in lower one, no single screw (like in Siemens units where there was one 
		bolt).
		After inspecting it again, I found 2 filtering capacitors (Y 
		configuration - capacitors between L or N wires and unit's ground) 
		cracked. I decided to temporarily run the machine without input power 
		filter (as it usually goes through filter in surge protector). Still not 
		starting, no power, no sign of life... and no current consumption.
		I found that soldered-in cylindrical fuse has been faulty. Replacing it 
		with polymer fuse gave not-so-good results (with sparks and fuses blown 
		in a whole building) so I decided to stuff a typical glass fuse holder 
		there, especially that I had space for it. 
		Starting through the light bulb, I found that it indeed draws a small 
		current, but it doesn't even start the converter.
		I decided to go with multimeter from power cable, through keying 
		transistor, to transformer. If everything would be OK there, then from 
		transformer's secondary coils to regulators, then to feedbacks. In this 
		unit power supply's secondary side smoothly blends into CRT electronics 
		on mainboard. First, I found that not only capacitors in filter were bad 
		- the coil was broken too, and it was broken specific way: Two coils not 
		conducting from power cable's side, but both shorted in rectifier side. 
		After skipping coils I decided to unsolder rectifier too.
		Between coils and keying transistor, usually not many things are 
		present. First, there is a rectifier bridge, here made of four 1N4007 
		diodes. Next, a large electrolytic capacitor has its place to store DC 
		for operation. Next, we have smaller capacitors, optionally 
		voltage-equating high-power resistors helping transistor in achieving 
		working condition, and finally the switching transistor.
		2 diodes in rectifier conducted in both directions. Replaced. High-power 
		resistors were good. Device finally booted up. 
BTX, Bildschirmtext (German: On-screen text) was 
		a telephone service similar to French Minitel, operating by presenting 
		text on screen of terminal. Connection was made using a simple modem and 
		pages could be used purely for reading, as well as for ordering some 
		services. 
		The BTX required special terminal which could be bought or in some cases 
		rented from Post. 
		BTX was in development since mid-1970s, when British PRESTEL system has 
		been invented. In 1980 first field tests have been performed with 2000 
		recipients in 3 distant cities. Finally BTX became an offered commercial 
		medium in 1983, when contract between Germany's lands has been signed - 
		everyone who had enough money could then buy a page in BTX. End user 
		viewing page could pay per page viewed or per time visited on page (per 
		minute). High-end BTX terminals had floppy drives which could store some 
		pages for later reading.
		It was predicted, based on Prestel and Minitel observations, that in 
		1986 number of subscribers will be one million. In fact, it was only 
		60000. They finally reached the million a decade later... when they 
		connected BTX to the Internet.
		After home computers and PCs became more popular, BTX modems have been 
		sold too. At 31st of December, 2001, BTX has been turned off. A reduced 
		version for financial institutions (which switched to BTX from 
		telegrams) was in operation until 2007.
		The BTX was also in operation in Austria, Switzerland (known as Videotex 
		- without t at the end, VideotexT was a name for
		teletext).
		Most of BTX pages were stored in one computer in BTX central in Ulm. The 
		exceptions were "interactive" service pages transmitted through regional 
		computer centers - like some banking pages or Quelle mail-order shop 
		which was well advertised service in BTX. Notice that on this Loewe 
		terminal there is a small Quelle logo near Esc key.
		Why BTX had so small popularity? First, addressing thing. In Minitel, 
		you just dial 3615 and page name, easy to remember. BTX has only page 
		numbers, starting with * and ending with #. Names, could be registered, 
		but in early times they were "phonewords". 
		3615 became a symbol of Minitel being part of numerous services names, 
		while numbers-only BTX was hard to remember. More, wider access to free 
		knowledge exchanging methods (proximity of East Germany was not only 
		consistent threat, but also a cure for "intellectual property" mental 
		disease) made it sufficient only for services, which, when totally 
		switched to BTX, became outdated already.
		While in Minitel setting a page or service was relatively cheap and 
		affordable even for individuals, BTX was so expensive that usually only 
		larger companies authored pages. Users also had to pay more and buy the 
		terminal (in Minitel you just got it with subscription). Finally, the 
		0.3DM for sending a message to other user quickly became much more than 
		price of modem-dialing to send an e-mail, even through FIDOnet chain.
Controls, pinouts
Facing screen, on the left there is a contrast knob. Right 
		side: Knob closer to user is for speaker volume, rear knob for ring 
		volume. To change brightness use a screwdriver, the trimmer is 
		accessible by the hole on the bottom.
		According to the manual, the AUX connector is a V.24-level serial port, 
		by default 9600, 8-bit, 1 stop bit. Shift-F1 in some firmware allows to 
		set parameters for AUX.
		AUX connector pinout (check with voltmeter in your unit! Source: Manual)
		1. DCD
		2. RxD
		3. TxD
		4. DTR
		5. SGND
		6. DSR
		7. RtS
		8. CtS
		9. +5V
Links:
		
		https://www.loewe.de/uploads/tx_bmfaquserguides/multi_tel_d.pdf - 
		User's manual, in German.
		
		http://www.btxmuseum.de/Hardware/geraet.asp?id=32 - In BTX Museum